Mainstream Youth Subcultures - 2570 Words

In modern society, youths are encouraged to stand out and as a result, this ‘subculture population’ is ever increasing. Such mass media labelling has resulted in such a creation of these youth subcultures that evidentially exist and they have become mainstream. Changes that occur within society and mainstream however lead to the emergence of new subcultures whereby old ones change or disappear. Such transition is apparent between these two films, from the ‘mods’ within the 1960’s to ‘chavs’ and hoodies today. The two films are evidently driven by their dramatic media representations of youth subcultures. Quadrophenia was presented 30 years before the release of Harry Brown which focuses on the two main subcultures that existed, the†¦show more content†¦Such behaviour was exaggerated and ‘amplified’ which also created an undesired response of moral panic within society towards all youths resulting in ‘deviancy amplification’ (Wilkins, 1964). Thus, ‘mods’ and ‘rockers’ were both labelled deviant subcultures and all youths were deemed to be part of these deviant subcultures becoming the foundation of the mainstream thinking which spiralled out of control during the late twentieth century. Such distortion of these youths proposed by Roddam’s film of Quadrophenia evidentially sparked a very powerful effect. Such a powerful media effect relates to Gerbners Cultivation Theory (1986) which suggests that the perceptions of society regarding youth subcultures and crime have been heavily influenced by mass media representations. This suggests that people who engage more within the media have a higher expectation of crime and overestimate the levels of gang crime which results in an effect of their perceptions of young people. The more gang crime people see within the media, the more likely they are to be more fearful and aware of it which was a response of the film as discovered. Social structure theorists believe the key elements to such youth criminal behaviour shown by the subcultures in Quadrophenia are the dominance of social and economic structures that are noticeable in rundown areas whereby the majority ofShow MoreRelatedPostmodern Youth Culture2480 Words   |  10 PagesI am going to discuss contemporary youth culture, and how fashion and appearance are being used to communicate a certain identity. My main focus will be on trying to explain how they are characteristic for the post modern are and how they are distinct from â€Å"authentic† subcultures. Furthermore I will look into the central role consumption have in post modern youth cultures. When discussing these different ideas, I have chose to look into two contemporary youth cultures; the hipster and the clubbersRead MoreCharacter Portrayal Of John Caulfield s The Big Day 1911 Words   |  8 Pagesembody the failings of parenting at large during the postwar period, and the result of a bsentee role models is the rise of Youth Culture. It encouraged independent thoughts and benefited independence as youth, who when ‘failing to find adult support . . . sought to create a world of their own with its own dress, language, and moral code.’ Still another feature of youth subculture of the time is a lack of aim and destination in terms of what youngsters do and believe. Deep in their hearts they wishRead MoreSubculture : A Cultural Group Within A Larger Culture1384 Words   |  6 PagesOxford Dictionary defines a subculture as a â€Å"cultural group within a larger culture, often having beliefs or interests at variance with those of the larger culture† (Oxford Dictionaries). We are all part of a subculture at some point in our lives whether it is when we were at school, university or at work, we have or will be involved in a â€Å"subculture† that gives us a sense of belonging and allows us to express our personalities through different means. The importance of one’s clothing, views orRead MoreThe Youth Culture Of Punk1710 Words   |  7 PagesYouth cultures have been subject to a variety of changes since their emergence. Youth cultures that have endured such profound change include rockers, flapp ers, punks, hippies and skinheads. In this essay I have decided to focus solely on the youth culture of punk, and the differences it has been subject to when the subculture first emerged compared to in a contemporary context. In doing this I have decided to include information about the emergence and origins of punk, features or style of the punkRead MoreOutline and Evaluate Functionalist Explanation of Crime.1442 Words   |  6 Pagesgoals (Drug users, alcoholics, squatters.) The fourth response; Rebellion, this is used to describe those who consciously reject the success of society and the means on achieving them. They may try to form groups who struggle to create a new society (Youths, ex-prisoners, anarchists.) Finally; Ritualism, this is used to describe those who have abandoned the success goals of society, but stick to the means of achieving these goals (Low grade office workers). While Merton’s strength is that he clearlyRead MoreHip Hop Rap Music And Subculture1643 Words   |  7 Pages Hip-hop Rap Music and Subculture The topic I have chosen for this review is the association between a particular music genre and a subculture. In particular, the issue of focus is the association of the hip-hop rap genre with the black youth subculture in America. As a youth subculture, hip-hop emerged in the 1970s from New York City’s borough of the Bronx. The African American community was the root of the music genre, which gained popularity in the 1980s and 1990s. As part of its growthRead MoreRun DMC and the Commodification of Subcultures998 Words   |  4 PagesRun-D.M.C tell us about the commodification of subcultures and how the style of a subculture can be sold to the mainstream, how does this redefine Hip-hop? Introductory Section: From the socio-economic struggles of 1970s New York, a new kind of subculture emerged with a new style of music known as Hip-hop. The group Run-D.M.C pioneered, to some extent the transformation of Hip-hop from an underground phenomenon to a genre recognised as mainstream and an asoect of pop-culture. Run-D.M.C producedRead MoreRejecting Social Norms: The Goth Subculture Essay1451 Words   |  6 Pagesemergence of the Goth subculture: a group of social misfits that appear to always find themselves on the outskirts of mainstream pop culture. It is a complex subculture with great depth and mystery. The Gothics share a connection with the darker aesthetic, through their intense music and sexual fetishism, calling into question their predisposition to depression and rejection of social norms. There is rarely a single moment in history when one can pinpoint the exact moment when a subculture emerges. It isRead MoreTheory of Delinquency1458 Words   |  6 Pagesfocus on subcultures, i.e. groups within wider society with norms, lifestyles and values distinct from those of mainstream society. The focus in sub-cultural theories is on delinquency. In the UK, a preoccupation with the idea that future crime was determined by juvenile delinquency came about as a result of the 1895 UK Gladstone Committee, wherein research focused on gang culture among young males (aged 16-25). Deviance is perceived by sub-cultural theorists as a product of a subculture of delinquencyRead MoreThe Representation Of A Woman s Identity1196 Words   |  5 Pagestraditional femininity norms were and still are reinforced by immigrant communities today. Nonetheless, what often goes unacknowledged are the stories of those female immigrant youths, Pachuca’s or female gang members, who have rejected societies beliefs to construct new identities centered around hyper-masculine subcultures. Alienated and labeled as hypersexualized or masculine, both Catherine Ramirez’s novel The Women In The Zoot Suit and T.W. Wards ethnographic study â€Å"Gangsters Without Borders†

Women In Ancient Greece Had Very Few Rights In Comparison

Women in ancient Greece had very few rights in comparison to male citizens. Women were unable to vote, own property, or inherit wealth. A woman’s place was in the home and her purpose in life was to rear children. Considering this limited role in society, we see a diverse cast of female characters in Greek mythology. We are presented with women that are powerful and warlike, or sexualized, submissive and emotionally unstable. In many myths, we encounter subversive behavior from women, suggesting, perhaps, the possibility of female empowerment. While produced in an ostensibly misogynistic and oppressive society, these myths consider the possibility for a collapse of male power and the patriarchal system. In Homer’s epic poem The Odyssey,†¦show more content†¦I’ll never brace those men alone. I’d be too embarrassed† (18.207-210). Penelope remains faithful to her husband, even when his existence is doubted. She upholds the sanctity of marriage. She is ashamed to meet with her suitors and entertain the idea of selecting a new partner. Penelope wholeheartedly respects her marriage vows and her duty as woman and wife. Her loyalty is demonstrated further when she wishes death upon herself in order to escape her suffering: â€Å"Now if only blessed Artemis sent me a death as gentle, now, this instant – no more wasting away my life, my heart broken in longing for my husband† (18.229-232). Even after twenty years of suffering, Penelope continues to long for her lost husband. She would rather endure death than disrespect her marriage bed. Her unwavering love for and devotion to her husband represent the ideal wife. Penelope serves as the archetype for the â€Å"good† woman. While Penelope remains subservient in her domestic role as wife, she is also referred to as complementary to her husband, who is known for his intelligence and cunning. Penelope can be viewed as his intellectual equal when she deceives her suitors for three years by weaving and unweaving Lord Laertes’ shroud each day: â€Å"This was her latest masterpiece of guile: she set up a great loom in the royal halls and she began to weave, and the weaving fine-spun, the yarns endless, and she would lead us on: ‘Young men, my suitors, now thatShow MoreRelatedWomen : The Roles Of Women In Ancient Greece1560 Words   |  7 PagesWomen in ancient Greece still have an impact on us today. They were very similar to us women nowadays and at the same time very different. There wasn’t just one type of women in ancient Greece though. There were women who lived in Sparta, Athens, and many other city states, those are just the main city states. Each city state had different lifestyles and traditions, so women in one city state were different from another. Women in ancient Greece didn’t impact us in one way, they impacted us inRead MoreThe Religious And Social Differences Between Ancient Greece And Rome Essay1423 Words   |  6 PagesThe Religious and Social Differences between Ancient Greece and Rome In modern day, everyone tends to think of the Roman gods when they think of Greece, or when they think of the ancient gods in general. Juno versus Hera, Jupiter versus Zeus, and Mars versus Ares are some examples of their different and separate deities; not just their names, but their personalities as well. There are many differences between the two religions, as well as differences between each culture’s social standings. NotRead MoreThe Greek And Greek Culture1674 Words   |  7 Pagesamount of time in Egypt enough to give a very detailed description of Egypt’s Culture. Herodotus also went to a few other places and did the same thing, he really focused in on the Persian Wars. Greece defeated the persians, but Egypt did not which is a pretty interesting fact. In my essay I am going to try and find out how much different the Greek Culture is from the Egyptian. Values were important to people in both countries, just in a different form. In greece Gods play a huge role in the religiousRead MoreGreek Culture : The Greek Of The Mediterranean Sea And Between Italy And Turkey1178 Words   |  5 PagesGreek Culture Off the shore to the north of the Mediterranean sea and between Italy and Turkey there is a small country called Greece. This country touches the Aegean sea, the Sea of Crete and the Mediterranean sea. Long ago in Ancient greece it was a place filled with great poverty but was considered the foundation of western civilization. The Greek society was divided into four social classes that was all based on wealth. The wealthier a person was the higher in the classes they would riseRead MoreThe Epic Of Greek Women1539 Words   |  7 PagesGreek women, as depicted as in their history and literature, endure many hardships and struggle to establish a meaningful status in their society. In the Odyssey, Penelope’s only role in the epic is to support Odysseus and remain loyal to him. She is at home and struggles to keep her family intact while Odysseus is away trying to return to his native land. The cultural role of women is depicted as being supportive of man and nothing more. Yet what women in ancient Greece did long ago was by far moreRead MoreAthens †¦Democracy Realized?. . . Gregory R. Bowen. History1656 Words   |  7 PagesCivilizations II Feb 20, 2017 The Athenians’ of classical Greece are given credit for being the originators of the democratic model †¦giving inspiration to all future attempts at this system of government. While it was practiced as a direct democracy, with all eligible citizens having the right to vote, the question of just how democratic it really was, must be asked. Who was eligible to vote and participate in political life? What role did women, slaves, and foreigners play in Athens? How accessibleRead MoreThe Complete Persepolis By Marjane Satrapi1552 Words   |  7 Pagesand comparing it to issues faced by women during other periods of history. The title The Complete Persepolis is used to emphasize the radical differences in the rights of men and women in the modern world, more specifically modern Iran, by comparing the modern statues of women with the situation in the ancient Persian Empire. Religion is an important part of Marjane’s life; however it also highlights some of the most radical variations in the rights between women and men. The holy book of Islam, theRead MoreGender Roles In Lysistrata By Aristophanes1863 Words   |  8 Pagescomedy and how it would be viewed by citizens in ancient Greece. By incorporating satire and comedy, Aristophanes portrayed the social and political climate of the time. More specifically, Lysistrata, a play by Aristophanes, gives insight into the role women have in the Athenian society. The theme of gender roles in the play, Lysistrata, has evolved to parallel the social norm of feminism by women today. Lysistrata is a satirical comedy and portrays the women are at odds with man regarding several differentRead More Gender Roles in Medea by Euripides Essay1285 Words   |  6 Pagesenabled men and women to define gender roles in society. Although some critics declare gender roles do not exist today, others believe they do. In society, men and women are defined by gender roles throughout their activities and emotions. A doctor is typically portrayed by a male while women rear the children and cook for the men. However, although still in existence, today these roles are less obvious but tend to have similar meaning when compared to the past. In ancient Greece, women suffered greatRead MoreAncient Greece, Rome, And Persian Essay2093 Words   |  9 PagesCulture Comparison The civilizations that I decided to elaborate on are Greece, Rome, and Persian. The purpose of this essay is to compare and contrast the similarities and differences of these civilizations. These civilizations will be analyzed in the area of their cultural, social, political, economic, diplomatic and military collating. Greece, Rome, and Persian are very distinctive and fascinating civilization. From the information I have learned through the semester will help me sharply juxtapose

Alcohol consumption during this developmental period Free Essays

Alcohol is one of the most commonly used drugs worldwide, and when used excessively it has deleterious effects on almost every organ system.   Many people begin to drink alcohol during adolescence and young adulthood. Alcohol consumption during this developmental period may have profound effects on brain structure and function. We will write a custom essay sample on Alcohol consumption during this developmental period or any similar topic only for you Order Now Heavy drinking has been shown to affects on brain structure and function. Heavy drinking has been shown to affect the neuropsychological performance of young people and may impair the growth and integrity of certain brain structures. Furthermore, alcohol consumption during adolescence may alter measures of brain functioning, such as blood flow in certain brain regions and electrical brain activities. Not all adolescence and young adults are equally sensitive to the effects of alcohol consumption, however. Moderating factors-such as family history of alcohol and other drug use disorders, gender, age at onset of drinking, drinking patterns, use of other drugs, and co-occurring psychiatric disorders-may influence the extent to which alcohol consumption interferes with an adolescent’s normal brain development and functioning (Tapert, Calwell, Burke, 2004-2005). Emerging adulthood, the transitional period between high school and young adulthood, is marked by the formation of identity, the establishment of more mature interpersonal and intimate relationships, and the transition to new adult-type roles. It is also is a time of increased alcohol use and abuse, which can have long-term effects on both physical and psychological well-being and may have implications for the attainment of traditional adult roles. Gender, race/ethnicity, marital status, college, employment, peer and family influences, individual temperament, and attitudes about drinking all influence drinking behavior in this population. Attending college may represent a special risk to emerging adults, as increases in alcohol availability and acceptance of drinking on college campuses may lead to increases in heavy drinking among students. The non student population of emerging adults also is an important target for preventive interventions, especially because people in this segment of the population may be less likely to mature out of heavy drinking patterns established during adolescence, thus, the transition from high school to young adulthood appears to be an ideal developmental turning point during which to target interventions. Arnett (2000) referred to the transitional period from high school to young adulthood as â€Å"emerging adulthood.† This stage of life is defined as the period from the end of secondary school through the attainment of adult status (Arnett 2005), covering approximately ages 18 to 25, although it can extend longer. Emerging adulthood is marked by frequent change and exploration. It also is a period of increased alcohol use and abuse. The transition out of high school may be marked by increases in alcohol use and intoxication. Even men who drank heavily in high school may drink more and become intoxicated more often after high school. Drinking patterns during the senior year of high school generally are useful in predicting post-high school drinking behavior, although research results vary. Some studies have found a high degree of individual stability in problem drinking from the early twenties into adulthood, whereas others have not Most emerging adults will outgrow heavy drinking and related problems before adulthood, on their own and without treatment (Marlatt et al. 1998). Research consistently shows that most indexes of alcohol use, and especially heavy drinking, are higher among males than females (O’Malley and Johnston 2002). In addition, the gender disparity in heavy drinking increases between late adolescence (i.e., senior year of high school) and young adulthood. In contrast, the rates of alcohol problems among male and female college students tend to converge (Jackson et al. 2005), although men still report more problems in the public domain compared with women. Racial and ethnic differences in drinking and related problems have been documented in the literature. In general, White and Native American emerging adults drink more than African Americans and Asians, and drinking rates for Hispanics fall in the middle. In addition, in contrast to the peak in drinking among Whites around ages 19-22, heavy drinking among African Americans and Hispanic peaks later and persists longer into adulthood (Caetano and Kaskutas 1995). Some argue that the college campus environment itself encourages heavy drinking (Toomey and Wagenaar 2002). Alcohol use is present at most college social functions, and many students view college as a place to drink excessively. Students experience greater exposure to drinking and encounter higher levels of peer drinking and positive attitudes toward alcohol as they transition from high school to college. Alcohol is the drug of choice among adolescents in the United States. Slightly over 50% have tried alcohol as early as grade 8; by the end of high school, 80% have tried it and 50% are current drinkers. These statistics cause concern because adolescents are particularly susceptible to several of the negative consequences associated with drinking-motor vehicle crashes (Zador, Krawchuk Voas 2000), sexually transmitted diseases (Bailey et al. 1999), suicide, death and disability. Many observers believe that alcohol advertising contributes to the widespread social acceptability of drinking and thereby fosters both initial and continued use. Television advertising, which is banned in the United States for cigarettes but not for alcohol, is cited as a major source of alcohol advertising available to young people. Large numbers of American youth are exposed to television advertisements for alcohol, particularly beer (Grube Wallack 1994). Young people typically see these advertisements on sports and certain late night programs popular with youth (Madden Grube 1994). Youth exposure to advertising in additional venues, as well as through other promotional activities, is also substantial (Taylor 1990). In the United States, most young people are exposed to alcohol advertising in such common locations as supermarkets and corner stores; many also see alcohol advertising in magazines and at concerts and sports events. One study found no relationship between advertising and actual drinking behavior (Wyllie, Zhang Casswell 1998), while others have suggested a positive relationship between advertising exposures (Grube Wallack 1994) or positive responses to alcohol advertisements (Wyllie, Zhang Casswell 1998) and intentions as an adult. In addition, intentions to drink as an adult tap the child’s expectations of engaging in an activity that is normative and legal for adults; they are far removed from the child’s actual drinking behavior or expectation of drinking while under age. How to cite Alcohol consumption during this developmental period, Papers