The Common Core State Standards - 1282 Words

The Common Core State Standards (CCSS) initiative is a plan to restructure the educational system in the United States and provide students with a high-quality education. Many states have adopted and are implementing these standards. In our fast changing world, different skills are needed to do the jobs our society has to offer. Upon completion of high school, these students need to be equipped to either enter the workforce prepared to meet the demands of their employers or to enter college prepared to take their education to the next level in pursuit of careers. The CCSS will increase in depth and difficulty from kindergarten through grade 12. In reviewing the CCSS, there are a number of changes that will need to be addressed. For the English Language Arts and Reading (ELAR) Standards a fundamental change involves the increase of informational text. The increase in the teaching of this genre not only includes ELA classrooms, but content classrooms, as well. The proposal of informational text, Gewertz (2012) stated, â€Å"includes literary nonfiction, as well as historical documents, scientific journals, technical manuals, biographies, autobiographies, essays, speeches and information displayed in charts, graphs, or maps, digitally or in print† (p. 11). Students will also be expected to read and comprehend text that increases in complexity. Johns (2012) expressed that the CCSS, â€Å"expect students at the end of the year to read materials independently and proficiently atShow MoreRelatedThe Common Core State Standards764 Words   |  4 PagesThe Common Core State Standards are a state attempt to create strong educational standards. The standard are created to ensure that students in the country are learning and grasping the information that are given in the classrooms for them to succeed academically. The Common Core plan included governors and education commissioners form forty-eight states and the District of Columbia. They wanted to make sure the standards are relevant, logical and sequential. For content all subjects must have critical-thinkingRead MoreThe Common Core State Standards 1791 Words   |  7 Pagesnew Common Core State Standards for Mathematics bring a new opportunity to the classrooms of the United States that many people view as a controversial. According to the NCTM (2013) â€Å"The Common Core State Standards offer a foundation for the development of more rigorous, focused, and coherent mathematics curricula, instruction, and assessments that promote conceptual understanding and reasoning as well as skill fluency† (par. 1). While some people believe that the Common Core State Standards mayRead MoreThe Common Core State Standard1492 Words   |  6 PagesWhen looking over the Loveless article, the paper seemed to have a very negative view of the Common Core State Standard. The part that was most interesting to me throughout the reading was when Loveless referred to the furthering of teacher development with the Common Core Standard. The article was very persuasive for someone who had not known a great deal about the Common Core and led me to believe that it was not a helpful tool to the teaching community. Nonetheless, once I did some deeper researchRead MoreThe Common Core Sta te Standards1733 Words   |  7 PagesCommon Core, these two words have come to mean more, in the past four years, than two words with no similarities. 43 out of 50 states are signed on to the Common Core State Standards as of now (Khadaroo). This paper will review the good, the bad and the alternatives to the Common Core, from the eyes of a student that is affected by these standards everyday. Through researching this topic, it has become apparent that the common core has good intentions, however bad implementations. Forty PercentRead MoreThe Common Core State Standards Essay1433 Words   |  6 Pagesyour life? The Common Core State Standards (CCSS) not only standardizes education, but it makes comprehension and intricate tool of the learning process. When it comes to American public education, the diagnosis has been offered that our schools suffer from a lack of consistent standards from coast to coast about what our kids should leave school knowing. The fix that has been adopted in a number of states in the last few years is a set of standards called the Common Core State Standards (CCSS), whichRead MoreThe Common Core State Standards881 Words   |  4 PagesIn 2009, states around the country began adopting the Common Core State Standards. These standards were put in place to ensure that each child was on the same academic level by high school graduation. As the global marketplace becomes increasingly more competitive, the United States hopes that Common Core will enable the coming generati ons to be better prepared. As of right now, my working thesis is Common Core is overall unsuccessful in its effort, and discontinuing or, at the least, replacingRead MoreCommon Core State Standards760 Words   |  3 PagesCommon Core State Standards, or Common Core for short, has been making headlines in 2014. Not a curriculum, Common Core is a set of standards defining the skills in which students from kindergarten through 12th grade need to have each year in order to be prepared for the next grade. Creating these national academic standards was a state-led initiative that included a coalition of educators and governors. Administrators, educators and parents participated in the developement of the actual standardsRead MoreThe Common Core State Standards Essay1271 Words   |  6 Pages2009 the Common Core State Standards, or CCSS, was initiated, and since then has become a large part of education today. News shows in multiple states have shown students protesting these new standa rds by skipping classes and school all together. These actions obviously show their refusal to work with the new standards. While there are many teachers who are happy with these standards, students still need to be convinced, and teachers can help this by supporting Common Core State Standards. This inRead MoreThe Common Core State Standards937 Words   |  4 Pages Forty-two states, along with the District of Columbia have adopted Common Core State Standards. These standards were created to focus only on English and Mathematics. An effect of states adopting Common Core State Standards is that all other subjects taught in school were emphasized less. History, Science, and many other subjects are no longer stressed; therefore students are limited to being proficient in only two subjects. The Common Core deprives students’ ability to be skilled in multiple areasRead MoreThe Common Core State Standards1298 Words   |  6 Pagesterms of core subject content, as well as though social activity and elective/activity courses. However, there has often been a disconnect between different states and districts over what exactly should be in the curriculum for various grades and what is needed to prepare students for life beyond school, as well as providing little basis for comparing the US to other countries. That’s where Common Core State St andards (CCSS) come in. According to Teaching in the Middle School (2012), the Common Core

Societys Allowance of Racism Essay - 1038 Words

Societys Allowance of Racism Throughout history, race have been defined along genetic, legal, and social line each presenting its own set of problems. Genetic race has been defined by nothing differences in gene frequencies amongst selected groups. The legal definition of race were not devised to determine who was black or of another race, but rather who was not white. Most legal definitions of race were devices to prevent blacks from attending white schools, serving on juries, holding certain jobs, or patronizing certain public places. Last but not least we have social lines, which defines race as the decisive one in most interactions. It pays little attention to an individual’s hereditary physical features or to whether his or†¦show more content†¦We’ve accomplished level one, which was a key to unlock the doors of opportunity. We gained opportunity by winning he battles of fighting for equality among all races. The next step was the ability to work and gain experience. We finall y got the chance to work among every member of society. Now we are here at level three where there is a standstill upon minorities. I personally feel as though too many minorities are to content with the positions we hold today. It seems as though many are satisfied as long as they’re in the door. The fourth step is positions, which lack minorities. Eight out of ten high whites hold ranked positions among businesses and company’s today. I feel as if some blacks are in position today because companies feel threatened by racial tension and must place a minority somewhere in rank. We need to all struggles as one to reach the final step of equal justice. We have to make the best out of the world and not let the world get the best of us. When God created man, he did not create superior man, middleman, or low man, we are all the same in the eyes of the beholder. We have no option than to live with each other therefore we need to learn to live with each other. Some may feel as if we are still divided among one another through education. Most college universities are predominately white or black. Colleges that are predominately white with small accounts of minoritiesShow MoreRelatedSingle Mothers : An American Family1306 Words   |  6 Pagesdeeper and more painfully than just as an emotional blow. Poverty is a huge concern for single mothers, and one could argue that society’s attitude towards single mothers is one of the root causes of this. The stigma against single mothers should be eradicated because it is largely based on misinformation, and single mothers already have to deal with blatant sexism and racism in the United States. To generate sympathy for these mothers and create a more welcoming society towards â€Å"alternative† familyRead MoreThe large-scale infringement in the U.S. lawless person justice scheme is that it is an association1500 Words   |  6 Pageshas more distant been contended that the Constitution f ights back all persons, and rush has no heaviness in the American lawless person fairness scheme. While the joined States Constitution guarantees equal treatment of all people, despite of rush, racism still inhabits in the American regulation enforcement and lawless individual fairness schemes. substantial attention has been centered on two absolutely vital questions: Is the inconsistent number of blacks being apprehended due to their discretionaryRead MoreAlbert Camus-the Outsider1194 Words   |  5 Pagesasked to tell the court that he regrets his actions, but says instead that he feels more annoyance with what he did than true regret, and, as Camus says, â€Å"it is this nuance that condemns him†. His refusal to adhere to society’s strict regime and its expectancy paired with his allowance of events to occur as if he were an observer rather than a participant is what deems Meursault an â€Å"outsider†, and ultimately his freedom is taken from him because it is felt that he does not use it in an acceptable fashionRead MoreAffirmative Action Is The Current Method For Combating Systematic Racism1602 Words   |  7 PagesAffirmative action is the current method for combatting the systematic racism and general bigotry that has long plagued American society. It is a source of much debate, both from the legal and moral perspectives. When it comes to higher education, it has been the subject of serval Supreme court decisions and many philosophical papers. Affirmative action’s stance makes a statement about how American society intends to handle its problems of bigotry; if it wants to ignore them, or if it wants to chooseRead MoreEssay on Surrealism and Harlem Renaissance Two Historical Art Periods973 Words   |  4 Pagescultivated and drew from an unexpected truculently belligerent imagery, an art form not of the normal tradition. This art form had no reasoning traditions or societal limitations that sanctioned it not only to engend er surprising imagery but an allowance from the barriers that normal weren’t broken. The Harlem Renaissance historical period commenced on the cusp of the cessation Surrealism art period, encompassing a race that had no authentic voice until this period was born. While this period’s ideologyRead MoreAnalysis Of I Feel Rosenberg 1386 Words   |  6 Pageselite, when there is either strong support or weak opposition from the public, and when certain conditions otherwise support compliance with the judicial decisions at issue. These conditions include positive incentives, negative punishments/costs, allowance for market implementation, or usefulness of the outcome(s) as a political tool (Rosenberg 2008, pg. 36). Rosenberg sides largely with the Constrained Court view and asserts that in each examined situation, the Court was largely unable to attain anyRead MoreEssay about Australian Aborigines2537 Words   |  11 PagesAborigines, Australia was a marginally better pl ace in which to live in 1945 then in 1900. At the turn of the century, the Australian state governments neither had a uniform nor clear Aboriginal policy. Treatment of Aborigines was consequently decided by society’s individual attitudes, not law. While many people (white) were aggressive towards Aborigines till well past 1945, a general more sympathetic attitude towards them started to slightly ease the strong oppression they were shackled by. As the socialRead MoreEssay about Racism and Discrimination in Healthcare2285 Words   |  10 Pageswide-range of diseases that do not exhibit comparatively high incidence rates in non-Aboriginal Australians. To say that racism is institutional is to refer â€Å"to the ways in which racist beliefs or values have been built into the operations of social institutions in such a way as to discriminate against, control, and oppress various minority groups† (Henry et al, 2004). Institutional racism is a facet of structural violence—but is by definition restricted to structural violence or cultural violence forRead MoreThe Seven Principle Sociological Perspectives1920 Words   |  8 Pagesbrought up to be like, for example their view on racism could differ due to what their family think. Secondary socialisation is learning the normalities of society from other people like teachers, friends or the media, for example at school the children are exposed to different values and morals than the ones they learn when they’re with family members. Functionalism Functionalism is the theory that each aspect of society contributes to society’s functioning. There are seven aspects of society whichRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Crossing Western Space Essay1827 Words   |  8 PagesAfrican traditions and religions. For the Atonist, this connoted that their tactics of cultural persecution over the past hundred plus years was not enough to subjugate the resilience of black peoples. Thus resulting in the disruption of Western Society’s â€Å"grand narrative† through the creation of cultural â€Å"disorder†. The conflict between Jes Grew and the Atonist dates back thousands of years, originally stemming from a conflict of power between Egyptian Gods Osiris and his brother Set. Osiris and

Data Structures, Arrays, and Modularizing Free Essays

In a computer, â€Å"the data structure becomes an object that includes data and functions† (Robertson, 2007). It stores and organizes the data in a computer. Data structures make it possible to sort through large databases and internet indexing services. We will write a custom essay sample on Data Structures, Arrays, and Modularizing or any similar topic only for you Order Now These would include online libraries, such EBSCOhost through universities, and search websites, such as Google. These would also include member profiles such as Facebook.Arrays â€Å"provide the programmer with a way of organising a collection of homogeneous data items (that is, items that have the same type and the same length) into a single data structure. An array, then, is a data structure that is made up of a number of variables all of which have the same data type† (Robertson, 2007). For example, there are 40 students in the first grade. A single variable name such as ‘first’ can be used with all 40 first grade students. â€Å"The individual data items that make up the array are referred to as the elements of the array.Elements in the array are distinguished from one another by the use of an index or subscript, enclosed in parentheses, following the array name† (Robertson, 2007), such as ‘first (8)’. This subscript refers to the eighth student in the first grade. The smallest element of an array must also be the size of the largest element, so in using the months of the year as an example, the names of the shorter months must be padded with blank spaces. The month of May must be as long as the month of September. Modularization breaks down the complexity of programming.That means that the complex problem gets divided into smaller parts, thus creating subtasks or functions from the major tasks. The subtasks can then be further divided into smaller subtasks, as long as each task or subtask is independent of all others. â€Å"There are a number of benefits from using modular design. †¢ Ease of understanding: each module should perform just one function. †¢ Reusable code: modules used in one program can also be used in other programs. †¢ Elimination of redundancy: using modules can help to avoid the repetition of writing out the same segment of code more than once. Efficiency of maintenance: each module should be self-contained and have little or no effect on other modules within the program† (Robertson, 2007). For the â€Å"ease of understanding, each module should perform one function† (Robertson, 2007). An example is when a computer prompts for the number of drinks from the coffee bar, sorts them by type of drink, and then displays a chart to a screen or output. This task may repeat itself throughout the morning rush hour and can be created as a subtask. For â€Å"reusable code, the modules used in one program can also be used in other programs† (Robertson, 2007). Once a module has completed testing and is essentially error-free, it can be used in other programs instead of rewriting or creating new code. For an example, a second coffee bar may use the code for afternoon business hours. For â€Å"elimination of redundancy, using modules can help to avoid the repetition of writing out the same segment† (Robertson, 2007). Using a module shortens the length of code when many portions may actually be repetitious.For example, the library may need to monitor how many books on science are checked out during the month of the science fair. Naturally, other books would be checked out during that same time and those need to be monitored as well. Instead of writing the whole code to ask if a book was on science or something else, a module would shorten the code. For â€Å"efficiency of maintenance, each module should be self-contained and have little or no effect on other modules within the program† (Robertson, 2007). The modules should only perform one task and not be dependent on another module.If a module is modified or removed, it will not have a potentially damaging effect on other modules in the software. Programming can range from something simple like maintaining a log of exercise hours completed during the week or as complex as operating the space shuttle where lives are dependent upon perfect code. These are some of the steps taken to ease the process.Reference Robertson, L. A. (2007). Simple Program Design. A Step by Step Approach, Fifth Edition. cGraw-Hill.. Retrieved from University of Phoenix eBook Collection database. How to cite Data Structures, Arrays, and Modularizing, Papers

Immigrant Families Implications for Social Work Practice

Question: Describe about the Service Needs among Latino Immigrant Families of Implications for Social Work Practice? Answer: Introduction Special education is the specific need of the students, which help them to study and to help them in the education process. It is a unique process of channeling the particular needs and wants of the students. Apart from this, the students learn the entire course without feeling aloof from other students or peers. The differences and the needs of the students are monitors carefully and the teaching method entails uniformity. Assessing Present Levels of Performance The assessment of the performance of the student is through the method of PLAAFP that entails the Present Level of Academic Achievement and Functional Performance Statement. The teachers and parents may analyze the performance level of the students with the use of an analysis on the current level of the understanding of the student. In the present case the mental state and the poor quality of adaptation of the student in the social context is analyzed with the help of understanding. This makes the efficient use of the functional level of the student with the implementation of communicative, academic measures. The analysis of the general intelligence and the social and the emotional content of the students are important. The report and the analysis of the improvement time-to-time give a clear idea of the needful for the students, which help them to enhance their performance. The observation of the students in the classroom is another method of assessment along with the integration in the peer group. This helps the student to share their views and the feelings, which they have inside them. Most of the present level of the student is monitored through PLAAFP, which includes Academic skills Present living condition and the idea of self help Social skills Behavior Sensory skills Communication skills Mobility Another major analysis is the strength of the student which helps in the helping the student to boost their skills. Teachers to understand students with special considerations and self-awareness analyze this. Assessing the Social/Emotional Needs of This Student Social or emotional learning or SEL may be defined as one of the most necessary aspect which includes the self improvement in the education sector (Ayon, 2013). Students who need special care show improvement in their acceptability and the education system more with the particular structure or system. This helps in the following ground:- Self-management Self-awareness Relationship skills Social awareness The elements which are included in the SEL is Acting Feeling Thinking This further uses the idea of tolls, which are important for focusing along with the attempt to highlight the tools. This helps in the process of analysis along with the integration of the programs (de Souto Barreto, 2014). The evaluation process is important along with the integration in the intended population. This helps to know and understand the issues, which the students are facing in the social and emotional front. In the present case, it might be said that the student has been not effective in social front. The problem in such case is lack of communication and the integration with the peer group. The understanding in the peer group and the reading skills has been poor. In such, case the issue mostly faced by the student in lack of integration in the peer group and interaction (Giberson, 2010). Identifying the Specific Disability Category There are different categories of disability in the present case, which includes autism, deaf-blindness, deafness, emotional issues, hearing impairment, intellectual disability, multiple disabilities, orthopedic impairment, specific learning disability, speech impairment, traumatic brain injury and such other impairment or issues. In the present, case the specific disability of the student is both hearing impairment along with problem in reading. This includes the fact that he may not understand the senses in the text and the books that he reads in his class. Along with this, the issue relates to the specific leaning disability. He may not be able to relate to the understanding of the studies along with the interpretation in the texts. The students might have some issues relating to emotional disturbance, which might have been created in the minds of the customers (Hortobagyi, 2001). This is seen in the easy distraction problem that is faced by the student in the day-to-day life. This is the reason he might be having inappropriate feelings, easily exhibited in peer group. Hence, in this regard it might be said that the student has multiple disability. In this regard, the problem faced by the student at the same the monitoring by the teacher must require proper channeling. It is through the monitoring and daily analysis that the teacher can find out the right strategy, which helps in the improvement of the student. Test reliability is the method through which the teacher can monitor along with the interpretation of the student. Classroom teaching method is another prospective method to know about the student and interact effectively. Needed Accommodations The major needed accommodation in case of the special education includes the use of the certain factors, which are helpful in channeling the accommodation of the special students. Most of the issues faced by the students make use of fact that accommodation is important with success in schools. Accommodation helps the student in the present case along with a change and modulation in the setting, formatting, timing, scheduling, presentation and response. There are different aspects, which is tested through the accommodation. This helps in the integration of the teacher with the students along with the retention of the value if the assignment. In such case, the major issue faced by the teachers is to know and channel the work. In the present situation, the accommodation is required for the student. This helps in the monitoring process of the student. Along with this the modification in the assignment would help in the instruction and the interaction in the classroom environment. The curriculum for the student in the present matter might include providing summaries of the chapter. Books and audiotapes could not be used in the present case, as this is not reliable for the particular student who has problem in hearing and reading (Kim, Bonk Oh, 2008). Apart from this, the use of index cards could be another version and to possibly find the answers in the page numbers. Suggesting Instructional Strategies The best instructional strategies, which could be used, may be referred as the following:- Acknowledge- The acknowledgement of the children of the students helps them to foster in their educational area. Apart from this it is the motivation which helps in deriving the basis idea of the driving the students to the excellence. This is the method, which helps, in the channeling process and in the attention and observation. In the present case that is useful for the student, as acknowledgement would help in the enhancement of the prospects of the student (Koutsouris, 2014). Encourage- This is the prime aspect, which motivates the student to help in the end. The teachers are the driving force in such situation and help in getting the praise, which the child or the student deserves. Apart from this, the major look pout of the teacher is to help in evaluating the student and channel the positive thinking within them (Mance, ikovi Mance, 2015). In the present case, this would be helpful in generating the positive views in the student. The motivation and the inspiration might make him more social and adaptable to situations. Specified feedback- There is specific problem with every child or student. This is the major factor for which the teachers cannot make use f generalized comments of feedbacks. This is the major issue, which is seen in many of the normal institutions. However, in social cases like in the given case study it is not feasible. Generalized comments would be not relevant in the present context. Special feedback based on the issue and the problem of the student would help in the present case (Odo Samuel, 2014). Model- In many cases reading is not the solution for the students. They may not be able to retain the information in such cases. The efficiency of the student may be revealed through the ideas of using models. This is the graphical or the representation though models which helps the student to retain the necessary information effectively. In the present case, this is one of the most important attribute, which might help in the enhancement of the prospects of the students. Apart from this the information is also relevant and as per the student. Learning through models might interest him to learn and to interact in the peer group effectively. Demonstrate- this is the process of channeling which is used in the system to help the students. This is designed as per the requirement of the student and entails the correct method of doing something. Apart from this in the present case the correct method of making effective learning techniques must be tailored by the teacher (Danyluk Provost, 2014). This must be the correct way, which would help the student to prosper in the academic field. Create or add challenge- The challenge must not include which is too competitive in nature but definitely the ones, which is fun for the students. Small games along with the interpretation in the teaching method might be the right decision by the teacher. In the present situation, a small challenge like counting the number of leaves or sticks within a given time by the student might be a learning technique. Assistance- The assistance of the teacher and helping the students in the learning is one of the most effective methods to nurture the talents within the students. This is one of the best methods, which helps, in the present case as the teacher has the right idea to channel the learning method. The care of the teacher might help the student to be more social and to interact in the peer group effectively. Asking question to the students and interacting in a friendly helps in the monitoring process (Kim, Bonk Oh, 2008). Differentiating Methods of Instruction There is different method of instruction, which is applicable in special cases. Apart from this the major analysis of the issue can be specific to the requirements of the student. This includes the designing of the lessons as per the learning styles, which could be acquired by the students effectively. There are times when there are students who can be, categorized under a group based on the disability and the problem of adaptation. In such case, the teacher can form shared interest within a group. In the present case, this could be applied successfully along with the process of integration in the classroom. This is helpful in the present case with the support from the teacher and the peer group (Giberson, 2010). The assessment of the student might change from time to time based on which there must be changes, which could be incorporated, in the present case. This analysis by the teacher based on the enhancement of the knowledge of the student can be successful in the present case. Recommending Grouping Procedures to Accommodate In the present case, one of the basic requirements is to frame a group based on the shared interest. Apart from this in a group student, find identical people they can interact in a better way. This would help in their mental growth and in removing the emotional issues, which they retain in their minds (Hortobagyi, 2001). This is also helpful for them, as they not feel the issue of being secluded in the society or the classroom. They grow the idea of sharing and to interact and enhance their feelings specifically. In the present case, the major issue, which is faced, is lack of being social. Hence, for the teacher forming a group could be one of the best methods to make the student more social. This would enhance his mentality ad the feelings, which is confined to him. This also helps in the creating the space of the student within the team. The accommodation would be effective in such case, as this would enhance the testing adaptation. This would also nurture the issues which is the student has with respect to pacing, environment and presentation of the material (Odo Samuel, 2014). Selecting Technological Devices The most important aspect of the technological devices could be assisted technology. The most important elements, which are seen in the present case, include the idea of listening, memory, math, reading and writing. The technology and the software includes the idea of abbreviation analysis, audio books, math work sheets, database software, graph and colorful outline, data managers, speech recognition program and many more. This helps in the analysis of the program along with the integration of the software or technology (Mance, ikovi Mance, 2015). The software could be further divided into instructional software and universal design learning. In the present case, it could be further specified with respect to the technology. In case of the present case study, the student can learn through various techniques, which might be used by the students effectively. This also includes the fact that there has to be certain aspects like that of the spelling checkers, optical character recognition for efficiency. Assigning Collaborative Support Personnel In any special case of the learning method is the most important aspect for the teachers as well as the student. In such, case most of the work demands integration within the team of teachers. This helps in genesis of better ideas ad to channeling individual process of learning. The major idea is to identify and build the process of teaching which helps in the success of the students in future. This includes the use of ideas relating like academic, personal, pursuits and vocational. The process of classroom techniques of education includes the ideas of relevant teaching methods. The finding or the analysis of the teaching program must include the idea, which is diverse, or the students of varying requirements (Giberson, 2010). In the present case, the integration and the collaboration of the teachers might be fruitful for the student. This could help in the integration of the process along with the mental, physical and the emotional well being of the student. This helps in getting the positive version, which fosters the improvement for the student in the future. Summary Hence, from the study conducted it is evident that there are different methods and techniques, which could be applied on the student. Apart from this, the student might have a better understanding in the education process through the learning methods. In most of the learning methods, the teacher needs to retain the information that the student cannot read much and cannot hear. The integration of the learning method is important in the current stage, which also includes the implementation of the choice of the teachers to implement the orientation and the experiences of the students. Classroom teaching is the most effective means through which the students with disability would get the help in the future with the support of the teachers. Hence, it might be said that most of the teachers can help the students with the process of monitoring and to support them with specific learning styles. Not every student can understand the same learning technique. The information and the analysis of the students need to be tailored from time to time in order to know about the current position of the special child effectively. Reference list Ayon, C. (2013). Service Needs among Latino Immigrant Families: Implications for Social Work Practice.Social Work,59(1), 13-23. doi:10.1093/sw/swt031 de Souto Barreto, P. (2014). Ageing: Research needs social science.Nature,512(7514), 253-253. doi:10.1038/512253e Giberson, T. (2010). Performance capabilities and competencies at the undergraduate and graduate levels for performance improvement professionals.Performance Improvement Quarterly,22(4), 99-120. doi:10.1002/piq.20070 Hortobagyi, G. (2001). Unmet needs in metastatic bone disease and its complications: Is progress possible?.Seminars In Oncology,28(2C), 1-3. doi:10.1053/sonc.2001.24153 Kim, K., Bonk, C., Oh, E. (2008). The present and future state of blended learning in workplace learning settings in the United States.Performance Improvement,47(8), 5-16. doi:10.1002/pfi.20018 Koutsouris, G. (2014). Young peoples preferences for social interaction in terms of homophily and social inclusion: a critical discussion about respect.European Journal Of Special Needs Education,29(4), 521-535. doi:10.1080/08856257.2014.933547 Mance, D., ikovi, S., Mance, D. (2015). Econometric Analysis of Croatias Proclaimed Foreign Exchange Rate.South East European Journal Of Economics And Business,10(1). doi:10.1515/jeb-2015-0001 Odo, A., Samuel, E. (2014). Sexuality Education Services Needs of Adolescents in Enugu State.MJSS. doi:10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n26p59

How serious a threat to Soviet Power were the Hungarian free essay sample

When Khrushchev came to power in 1953 after Stalins death in 1950 he began a policy of Desalination in Eastern Europe and even denounced Stalin in a secret speech in 1954. This all made communism seem weaker and people began to revolt against the Users influence in Hungary believing that with Stalin gone it would be easier to achieve independence. The Hungarian Uprising of 1 956 posed the greatest threat to Soviet power because protests in Budapest showed an increased dislike for Soviet control and Khrushchev let Hungary was drifting away from the Users control. The Uprising in Hungary lead to the election of Mire Nagy who intended to withdraw Hungary from the Warsaw pact and began introducing a range of political reforms such as free speech and free elections including non-communist parties. This was a huge threat to Soviet Power because Khrushchev knew that if one of the Soviet satellites left the Warsaw Pact it would acts as a catalyst for other Eastern European countries to revolt against Communism and the SovietUnion would weaken. We will write a custom essay sample on How serious a threat to Soviet Power were the Hungarian or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The Prague Spring in Czechoslovakia in 1968 was less serious a threat than Hungary was in 1 956 because revolts against Soviet control were not uncommon by 1968 whilst in 1956 the uprising in Hungary had been a shock to Moscow. Dubbed as First Secretary of the Czech communist party abolished censorship which led to a flow of anti-Soviet propaganda causing a national urge to abolish Soviet power in Czechoslovakia.The Warsaw pact acted to terminate Prague Spring in August however the damage had already been done and Soviet power had been further weakened through the increased negative attitude towards socialism and the Soviet Union in Czechoslovakia and other Eastern European countries.

Bridge essay essays

Bridge essay essays In project one, we tested the thickness of the bridges. We measured construction paper and cut the paper six inches long and four inches wide. We set the bridges between tables and recorded our results. We had one bridge and had it hold fourteen pennies. Two bridges held twenty-two pennies. Three bridges held thirty-three pennies. Four bridges held sixty-seven pennies. When I graphed this data, it was linear. In project two, we tested the length of bridges. We measured and cut construction paper four inches wide and four inches long; five inches long; six inches long; seven inches long; eight inches long; nine inches long; and ten inches long. Again, we set the bridges apart on two desks, letting them overlap the table an inch on each side. Then we started to add pennies to the bridges. The four inch long held sixty-seven pennies; the five inch long held thirty pennies; the six inch long held twenty-five pennies; the seven inch long held fifteen pennies; the eight inch long held thirteen pennies; the nine inch long held ten pennies; and the ten inch long held seven pennies. When I graphed this data, it came out as a non-linear graph. In project one, the thicker bridges held up better than the thinner bridges. In project two, the shorter bridges held better than the longer bridges. The non-linear graph has an obvious curve in it compared to the straight linear graph. Hypothesis: Thicker is stronger My graph of this data comes out as a linear graph. Yes, my graph came out approximately linear. Errors I could have made are: bad measurement; cup position; drop of pennies; desk position; imprecise; paper defective; or miscounted. My notes indicate the rise over run = M= - 11. ...

Business Strategy Able Corporation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Business Strategy Able Corporation - Essay Example Able Corporation provides user friendly 'portable electric power tools' for individuals and professionals for their plumbing, electricity and other furniture fitting requirements. We strive to make life easier for carpenters, electricians, wood-workers and plumbers by providing them with user-friendly tools. Company's value proposition must include its long association with customers in the field of power tools, its ability to take lead and come out with innovative ideas, its ability to retain a good market share despite increasing cost of production owing to some internal problems and of course its urge to grab more market space in near future. Walden International believes in short-term quarterly financial considerations, which will help Able Corp in taking short-term reviews of its operations and corrective actions can be taken accordingly. Planning forms an integral part of management. Fleischner (2007) states that, marketing plan is a way of developing a marketing program and achieving something within the available resources and time limits. Such a plan basically involves, setting objectives and selecting strategies accordingly. Able Corporation has the potential of being an industry leader, provided the company identifies some of

How are women represented in afghanistan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

How are women represented in afghanistan - Essay Example There have been diverse concerted efforts to improve the freedom, quality of life, and privileges of afghan women, but the situation is still disgraceful. The representation of Afghanistan women is still confounded. While Australia has recently appointed only one woman in the ministry, Afghanistan has three women representatives in the cabinet. In the last century, Afghanistan has struggled with issues related to the leadership status of women in the country. The Taliban rule has recently created a major situation for women. The situation is a symbolism of war of Western military powers for women’s justice and freedom. Most recently, the Mujahideen rule is worse than the Taliban. Once people analyse the Women’s situation in Afghanistan from the perspective of the country’s History rather than the above rules, women would be integral in the Nation building. (Ahmed-Ghosh 1). Women’s rights, leadership, education and participation in growth and development of the country are strategies useful in advancing their status as discussed in this document. Throughout history, government authorities have instituted several policies to support and curtail the rights of women. Most of the policies have been suppressive, since traditional institutions have thwarted individual efforts to support women rights. For instance, previous leaders, for instance, Amanullah Khan in the 1920s (Lough 4), who have tried to create equal opportunities have failed in consequent elections. In terms of political participation in previous years, there has not been any measurable progress (Lough 4). The only women who accessed the political sphere were the elite or those in urban areas. The rural women had no rights since they were not empowered. A big incident between women and the government was women leaders presenting The Afghan Womens Bill of Rights to

Visual Literacy in Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Visual Literacy in Business - Essay Example I suggest that a committee be formed incorporating members from all departments of the company, from the senior management staff and supervisory staff, to the auxiliary staff. It has been my experience that joint efforts between departments smoothens any activity and reduces red tape and bureaucracy. In addition, a well-organized team with the support of the management is bound to succeed. However, there is need to ensure that there is an open line of communication with the C.D.C to ensure their quick response in case of an emergency. The team tasked with the disaster preparedness plan will ensure that relevant employee information such as their emergency contact lists, their next of kin and their locations are updated. By liaising with the C.D.C, the company will have access to information regarding treatment matters, at risk/infected personnel and quarantine procedures. I would also recommend simulation exercises to ensure that all company employees are well-versed with the company’s protocols in case of an outbreak or any another disaster. Howells argues that the use of visual evidence elicits emotional response from the audience. Therefore, by using visuals I think the company employees and the top management staff will be more convinced of the urgency to develop a disaster management plan. Images of the Ebola epidemic earlier this year, the symptoms and the mass graves in Sierra Leone and Liberia, will be instrumental in swaying the management and staff to act. The images will serve as a cautionary tale of how the lack of a preparedness plan, such as was the case in West Africa, can lead to the death of thousands of civilians. Visual emphasis should be placed on the adverse effects of the epidemic (Howells,

Experiences and Suppression of Intrusive Thoughts

Experiences and Suppression of Intrusive Thoughts A Mixed Methods Research on the Experience and Suppression of Intrusive Thoughts and other ways of Thought-Control in the Non-Clinical Mauritian Adult Population ‘’The mind is its own place, and in itself can make heaven of Hell, a hell of heaven.’’ Milton The experience and suppression of intrusive thoughts, and the use of other thought-control strategies by normal or non-clinical individuals, are some of those complex cognitive phenomena, which are gradually gaining increasing thorough scientific attention in the world of Psychology. Significantly Wegner Pennebaker (1993) view the experience of intrusive thinking as a remarkably common clinical and normative phenomenon. Hence, it would be wise to underline that intrusive thoughts occur universally. Indeed research on intrusive thoughts always accompanies research on thought control especially thought suppression. Definition Because intrusive thinking is studied alongside manifold psychological disorders such as Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), Post-Traumatic-Stress Disorder (PTSD), General-Anxiety Disorder (GAD), depression, phobias, eating disorders and even Substance-Use disorder, there are bound to be major differences in the definition of the term ’intrusive thought’. Notably Clark and Purdon (1995; Purdon Clark, 1999) underlined the construct validity problems of some measures utilised in studies about intrusive thoughts in non-clinical populations just because of the broad definitional problem of the term. These researchers have also suggested that both the cognitive characteristics (intrusiveness, thought-control difficulty) and the content of intrusive thoughts have to be considered while defining them. For the purposes of this research, which focuses on the experience and suppression of intrusive thoughts, and the use of other thought-control strategies by the non-clinical Ma uritian adult population, we would preferably agree with Rachman’s definition of intrusive thoughts as ‘cognitions that are spontaneous, disruptive, and difficult to control and unwanted’ (Rachman, 1981). Similarly, Clark Rhyno (2005,p.4) define the experience of intrusive thought as ‘any distinct, identifiable cognitive event that is unwanted, unintended, and recurrent’. The focus of this research is on negative intrusive thoughts which are unwelcome, involuntary and distressing. People generally approach these negative thoughts in a myriad of ways. Our next point is that people have different coping or appraisal styles in their approach to unwanted negative thoughts. Many people try to control their intrusive thoughts using different thought control strategies which reflect their appraisal styles. Appraisal is the way in which meaning is attached to intrusive thoughts (OCCWG,1997). It cannot be denied that when some negative intrusive thoughts int erfere with concentration and emotional equilibrium, they become unpleasant and distressing and many people try to banish these thoughts from their awareness. Notably, Sigmund Freud (1915,1957) explained the role of suppression and repression that keep unwanted, unpleasant and distressing thoughts out of awareness. The modern view, as supported by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) (American Psychiatric Association; APA, 2000) uses the concepts automatic (unconscious) and voluntary (conscious) processes to refer to the Freudian defence mechanisms: repression and suppression. Ever since Wegner et al (1987) started their White Bear experiments in an attempt to study suppression of intrusive thoughts, many other studies have been gradually carried out, which present thought suppression as an inadequate, counterproductive mental control strategy (Beevers et al, 1999; Bodenhausen Macrae, 1996; Monteith et al, 1998a; Purdon Clark 1999; Wegner 1989, 1992; Wegner et al 1994a; Wegner Wenzlaff 1996). Significant studies have also analysed other thought-control strategies like distraction, punishment, re-appraisal, worry and social control in an attempt to understand how individuals approach their intrusive thoughts (Wells Davies, 1994). Aim of Research The primary aim of this study is to review the research done on the experience and suppression of intrusive thoughts in the normal population and analyse the experience and suppression of intrusive thoughts in the normal or non-clinical Mauritian adult population, by shedding light specifically on the different thought-control strategies employed by normal people while coping with intrusive thoughts and most significantly, by analysing suppression as a maladaptive control strategy. Clinical Approach to Intrusive Thoughts and Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) Initial research on intrusive thoughts started with the analysis of the experience of intrusive thinking in the clinical context and it has verily been observed that intrusive thoughts characterize several clinical disorders, for example, GAD, OCD, Depression, PTSD (Brewin, 1998; Green, 2003; Langlois, Freeston, Ladouceur, 2000a,b; Pudon, 1999; Watkins, 2004). It has also been stated that as well as being symptoms of these disorders, intrusive thoughts also contribute to the maintenance of these disorders (Brett Ostroff, 1985; Brewin, Watson, McCarthy, Hyman Dayson, 1998). There is indubitably a significant relationship between intrusive thinking and OCD. The DSM-IV (American Psychiatric Association; APA, 2000) refers to recurrent, intrusive thoughts, images or impulses that are experienced as ego-dystonic (totally inconsistent with the self) and extremely distressing, as partly characterizing OCD. More specifically, many researchers have scrutinized the experience of intrusive tho ughts among OCD patients and have demonstrated that these patients feel compelled to perform compulsive rituals (for instance, neutralizing behaviours etc.) in an attempt to escape from the distressing intrusive thoughts. For them, the performance of these rituals is aimed at the reduction of anxiety and the prevention of a feared outcome from occurring. However these compulsive rituals increase intrusive thinking and therefore, maintain the disorder. Notably, research has demonstrated that OCD patients show deficiencies in cognitive inhibition and when they fail to suppress their thoughts, they make internal attributions of their suppression failures (Tolin et al., 2002). The Obsessive Compulsive Cognitions Working Group (2005) have denoted the relationship of OCD with several specific appraisal styles such as responsibility/overestimated threat, intolerance of uncertainty/perfectionism and importance/control of thoughts. In his cognitive model of OCD, Salkovskis underlines the centrality of responsibility. Rachman (1997) argues that as these intrusive thoughts are ego-dystonic (that is, they perfectly contrast what the self really wants),OCD patients often interpret these thoughts as having personal negative significance and having potentially severe consequences and predicting undesirable outcomes. Furthermore, emphasizing the importance of metacognitions (that is, thinking about thoughts), Wells, Gwilliam and Cartwright-Hatton (2001) elucidate the role of thought-fusion beliefs in the maintenance of the disorder. More concisely, these are: thought-event fusion (the belief that thoughts can change the course of events); thought-action fusion (the be lief that thinking about something means a possibility to act on the thought) and thought-object fusion (the belief that thoughts can be fused into objects). Responsibility beliefs and thought-action fusion beliefs are stronger in people with OCD than those without (Coles, Mennin Heimberg, 2001). Additionally recent cognitive-behavioural theories about OCD have assumed that obsessive thoughts have their roots in some of the thoughts currently experienced by normal individuals (Pudon Clark, 1999; Salkovskis, 1985, 1989). Intrusive thoughts in non-clinical population Ever since Rachman and de Silva (1978) scientifically found that intrusive thoughts are a common non-clinical phenomenon, a plethora of research, especially questionnaire studies have tried to replicate Rachman and de Silva’s research. Using the questionnaire of Rachman and de Silva, Salkovskis and Harrison (1984) confirmed that 88% of a sample of non-clinical individuals experienced at least one intrusive though t. Additionally, according to several other studies, around 79-99% of people in non-clinical samples experience intrusive thoughts similar in nature to those experienced by people suffering from OCD (Freeston, Ladouceur, Thibodeau Gagnon, 1991; Julien, O’Connor Aaredma, 2009; Rachman de Silva, 1978; Salkovskis Harrison, 1984). The real prevalence of intrusive thoughts in non-clinical populations is likely to be on the higher ends of these estimates, as research participants may have underreported their experience of intrusive thoughts due to embarrassment, hesitation and shame. Moreover Pudon and Clark (1993) and Belloch, Morillo, Lucero, Cabedo, and Carrio (2004) also found that 99% of their non-clinical samples (n=293, n=336 respectively) reported having experienced at least one intrusive thought listed in the Obsessive Intrusions Inventory (OII/ROII). But it should be underlined that these researchers also found a slight difference in contents of intrusive thoughts exp erienced by OCD patients and non-clinical samples. OCD patients reported thoughts of dirt, disease and contamination among others. However normal people mainly reported thoughts of unacceptable sex, harm to self, aggression towards others and accidents amongst others. But it might be that the normal people do not consider thoughts about disease, dirt and contamination distressing, thus they are underreported. A Severity Continuum from Normality to Clinical Obsessions The intrusive thoughts reported by normal individuals are considered the ‘normal’ analogues to clinical obsessions and their study allows for better comprehension of the nature of intrusive thoughts. Instead of the normality versus psychopathology breakdown, the modern view discusses the continuity from normality to clinical obsessions. Clark elaborates more on this continuum of intrusive thoughts, by placing clinical obsessions at the extreme end, stating that the difference between clinical and non-clinical cognitive intrusions is ‘one of degree, rather than kind’(Clark,2005, p.11). Similarly Rachman and de Silva (1978) denote a similarity between the content of intrusive thoughts experienced by normal people and people with OCD. The researchers even postulate that psychologists and psychiatrists, who only have the knowledge about the content of the thoughts, have difficulty distinguishing between clinical and non-clinical obsessions. However the same researchers identified a quantitative difference between normal intrusions and clinical obsessions. The difference lies in the intensity and frequency with which these thoughts are experienced. Other studies highlight differences in other variables such as the associated unpleasantness and the level of anxiety occasioned by obsessions, the difficulty in controlling them or freeing the mind from the thoughts, the extent to which people perform neutralizing behaviours or rituals to reduce discomfort and ease anxiety, and the ultimate consequences that result from these intrusive thoughts, because clinical intrusive t houghts interfere remarkably with the daily functioning and life of people suffering from them (Oltmanns Gibbs, 1995; Parkinson ranchman, 1981; Rachman de Silva,1978; Salkovskis Harrison, 1984). Freeston and Ladouceur ( 1997) found that among all the other variables, unpleasantness associated with intrusive thoughts is immensely clinically significant because the assessment of this variable can provide insight to therapists on whether clinical change has occurred or not. Hence this variable can be used to assess therapeutic effectiveness. Theoretical Explanations of Intrusive Thinking Various theorists have attempted to approach intrusive thinking in manifold ways using different approaches like the biological, psychodynamic, behavioural and cognitive approaches. A full discussion of all the approaches is beyond the scope of this thesis. Hence, our analysis will focus on the cognitive and metacognitive approaches. If intrusive thinking is initially a normal phenomenon, then why does it develop into obsessive thinking in a minority? Research has underlined the role of cognitive and behavioural variables in the transition from normality to pathology (Clark Purdon, 1993; Freeston et al, 1991,1992; Niler Beck, 1989; OCCWG, 1997; Purdon Clark, 1994a, 1994b; Rachman,1993). More concisely, cognitive variables are related to the evaluative process (cognitive appraisal) and meaning that an individual attach to his or her negative thought. In clinical cases the meaning assigned to intrusive thoughts might be immensely threatening and disturbing. The behavioural variables are related to the covert and overt actions that the individual performs in response to his or her negative thoughts in an attempt to feel better by decreasing anxiety and discomfort. Salkovskis (1989) highlights the neutralising responses to intrusive thoughts as the key element in the ultimate development of obsessions. Hence the c ontents of normal intrusions and clinical obsessions are basically similar; it’s only the mental and behavioural processing of the negative thoughts that put them on either end of the continuum. Rachman’s (1997) Cognitive Theory of Obsessions According to Rachman (1978), the transformation of normal intrusions into clinical obsessions occurs when the individual considers his thoughts as catastrophic and threatening by viewing them as being personally significant. In an attempt to explain the origins of intrusive thoughts, Rachman (1978) argues that exposure to stressful events occasions the occurrence of intrusive thoughts. Rachman and de Silva (1978) further highlight that external cues trigger the occurrence of normal intrusive thoughts (characterized as being less intense and less distressing) and even clinical obsessions (characterized as being more intense and distressing). This view gained support by the experimental research carried out by Horowitz (1985), Horow itz and Becker (1971), and Horowitz, Becker, Moslowitz and Rashid (1975) which summarized that patients and non- patients experienced increased intrusive thoughts when they were exposed to stressful films. A Metacognitive Approach Metacognitions refer to the beliefs and knowledge about thinking and also the strategies used in the regulation and control of thinking processes (Flavell, 1979). Indeed, metacognitions are responsible for the shaping of the attention we pay to things, thoughts and so on, and they also determine the appraisal and the strategies we employ to regulate our thoughts. Adrian Wells (1997) developed the metacognitive therapy by positing that people experience emotional disturbance, distress and anxiety because of the Cognitive Attentional Syndrome (CAS) which consists of the perseverative thinking style including worry, rumination, attention focused on threat, thought suppression, ineffective self-regulating strategies and maladaptive coping behaviours. The CAS i s a maladaptive style of responding to thoughts and feelings and it enhances negative emotions and the occurrence of intrusive thoughts. The author highlights the presence of a higher degree of this syndrome in clinical patients suffering from depression and other anxiety disorders. He also differentiates between the ‘object mode’ and ‘metacognitive mode’ of mental processing.

Dairy Queen :: GCSE Business Marketing Coursework

Dairy Queen The United States was coming out of the Depression in 1938. Business began to flourish and prosper again and families had more money for leisure time and recreation. J. F. McCullough, owner of the Homemade Ice Cream Company in Illinois, experimented in the soft serve ice cream at the right time. He thought that ice cream tasted better when it was served fresh and not frozen. He first tested his idea on August 4, 1938 in an ice cream shop owned by one of his best customers, Sherb Noble. They offered an all you can eat ice cream festivity for 10 cents. The response they had was overwhelming and had lines down the street. They found a reliable freezer to keep the soft serve ice cream at a temperature of 23 degrees Fahrenheit with Harry Oltz. McCullough and his son were ready to open for business on June 22, 1940. McCullough thought that his soft serve creation was the closest thing to dairy perfection and therefore he called it Dairy Queen. Dairy Queen struggled during WWII and thrived greatly at the end of the war. They only had 100 stores in 1947 and jumped to a nationwide system of 1156 stores by 1950. Dairy Queen introduced a system of territory operators across the country which still play a great role today. The McCulloughs and Oltz laid groundwork for a franchising system that many fast-food organizations use today. In the 1950’s they expanded the menu by adding new ice cream products. They later added a food line which the called the Brazier. In the 1960’s many changes were brought about to the operations of the Dairy Queen system.

The Modern Marine NCO Today

Today’s Marine NCO has changed over the years from the past Marine NCO. An NCO today takes the knowledge from their senior NCO’s that was passed down to them and help shape the Jr. Marine today. Having respect goes a long way with Marine NCO’s but how can that be achieved if the NCO doesn’t show any themselves? A Marine NCO is like a father figure in a way, teaches junior marine what he/she needs to know in order to better themselves and make good decisions so that one day when he/she becomes and NCO they can look back and be like my NCO when I was a troop taught me and show me what it takes to be a NCO. NCO’s gain knowledge and wisdom from their seniors but also gain knowledge for their jourior marines and make themselves better. The NCO from the past was more about odering and not listening to their marines which made the Marines under their charge hate their NCO as of to now and days the NCO takes time to listen to their Marines and properly take care of their needs. As a Marine NCO, we have to set standards for others to emulate and strive to be the best and surpass their leaders. A Marine NCO is there for his/her Marines from the smallest minute problem back in the rear to being on the fron lines and helping their Marine in a battle situation. A jounior Marine will trust and respect his fellow NCO(s) if that Marine NCO takes time to understand them and help them in their situation.

Coffee Crisis Essay

Introduction Stephen Quinlan and Jose Gomez-Ibanez describes, in â€Å"The Coffee Crisis†, that in 2004 the governments of coffee producing countries were considering how to respond to rapid decline to coffee prices. In 2001, coffee prices hit a forty-year low, which resulted in extreme hardships for the local farming communities. On that note, this decline in coffee prices was considered â€Å"the coffee crisis. † The coffee crisis came to be thanks in part to coffees: overproduction, under-consumption and oligopoly market structure. International Nature and Structure. At best, coffee should be grown in an area with a warm climate and an abundance of rain. Coffee is centrally grown near the equator; however, it is primarily consumed in the northern hemisphere. It is traded in 60-kilo bags and the annual crop exceeded 100 million bags in recent years. â€Å"In 2003, for example, 101 million bags were produced of which roughly 95 million bags were consumed and the remaining 6 million added to storage in the hopes of fetching higher prices in later years†(Quinlan & Gomez-Ibanez, p. 1, 2004). Coffee is comes in two types: Arabica, which is milder in flavor, and Robusta, which is acidic. Robusta, which is grown in Asia and some countries in Africa, is easier to grow and is primarily used to make instant coffee, espresso and local consumption in the producing countries (Quinlan & Gomez-Ibanez, p. 2, 2004). Arabica, which is grown primarily Latin America makes up, historically, two-thirds of the coffee produced and is the longest to produce. The long production time begins with a two year period before the coffee seedling can bear fruit followed by several more years before reaching full production (Quinlan & Gomez-Ibanez, p. 2, 2004). Supply and Demand Analysis There was a rapid decrease in coffee consumption due to an increase in soft drink consumption. In the U. S. , it is estimated that coffee consumption fell from 36 gallons to 17 gallons per person and soft drinks increased from 23 to 53 gallons per person (Quinlan & Gomez-Ibanez, p. 2, 2004). As U. S. coffee consumption began to slow down in the 1990s, due in part to the increased liking to premium coffees thanks to Starbucks, Pete’s and other coffee chains, European coffee consumption increased along with other countries helping offset the U. S decline. Beginning in 1962, the International Coffee Organization (ICO), an association of coffee exporting and importing countries, managed the coffee market by negotiating exporting and import quotas to support target prices (Quinlan & Gomez-Ibanez, p. 3, 2004). The ICA collapsed in 1989 and this opened the door for non-traditional suppliers like Vietnam and traditional supplier Brazil. During this period, Brazil had always been the world’s largest coffee producer, growing Arabica by traditional labor-intensive methods in frost-prone areas (Quinlan & Gomez-Ibanez, p. 3, 2004). Since most Arabica coffee is grown on steep slopes, Brazilians utilized new plantations on leveled ground; developed new large-scale coffee plantations in less frost-prone areas, mechanical harvesters along with other cost-cutting devices to replace donkeys in how they produce coffee. Vietnam, who had never exported coffee before through government assistance, was able to build irrigation systems to help in the production of Robusta coffee beans (Quinlan & Gomez-Ibanez, p. 3, 2004). These beans produced in Vietnam had a poor quality, less flavorful and were processed at lower quality standards than traditional Arabica. Within a couple of years Vietnam had become a top supplier and was setting the price in which all other Robusta producers would have to compete. By the end of the decade, Vietnam had become the largest Robusta producer in the world, although its costs were rising as the rapid growth in the Vietnamese economy was increasing local income and wages (Quinlan & Gomez-Ibanez, p. 3, 2004). Market Structure The overall coffee market resembled that of an oligopoly, which is defined as â€Å"a market dominated by a few large producers of homogeneous or differentiated product. Because of how few exist, oligopolies had considerable control over their prices, but each must consider the possible reaction of rivals to its own pricing, output, and advertising decisions† (McConnell, Brue & Flynn, 2012, p. 223). Oligopolies are also characterized by barriers to market entry (McConnell, Brue & Flynn, 2012). Although there were many countries producing and exporting coffee, the market was largely dominated by a few countries (i. e. , Brazil, Colombia, and later on, Vietnam). Oligopoly, by its very nature, limits transparency in the market place. Within ten years this country grew from a relatively insignificant producer to the world second largest – ahead of Colombia (producing ~11 million bags accounting for 10% world export) but behind Brazil (producing ~35 million bags accounting for 35% world export) – producing well over 11 million bags annually and accounting for approximately 12% of world exports (CRB, 2006). Factor Markets From the ICA collapse bringing forth Vietnam’s entrance into the coffee market to the quality degradation, the coffee crisis affected more than just the market. With a drop in coffee prices, the farmers not being able to cover all of their costs so grower’s families many had to remove their kids in order to help out at the farm (Quinlan & Gomez-Ibanez, 2004). There was the merging of coffee blends and the experimentation of new ways of creating low quality coffee beans in an effort to meet demands. As a result many of the beans were of poor quality, which caused the coffees to taste cheap. Furthermore, such an increase in low-quality beans causes the price to drop in order to remain competitive (Quinlan & Gomez-Ibanez, p.3, 2004). Many major roasters experimented with technical advances in finding new ways to mask the bitterness of the acidic bean. They even went as far as combining Robusta and Arabica beans together. This line of production caused the price of coffee to decrease, which hurt many producers because the profits weren’t enough to cover most of their overhead (roughly 65-90 US cents per pound) (Quinlan & Gomez-Ibanez, Exhibit 6, 2004). This caused the quality of coffee to diminish because many roasters were using beans that should have been discarded. It also caused countries whose costs were high (Central America, Colombia and Mexico) with average or lower quality coffee to be in trouble (Quinlan & Gomez-Ibanez, 2004). Reference: Commodity Research Bureau (CRB). (2006). The CRB Commodity Yearbook 2006. [eBook] Retrieved from http://books. google. com/books? id=GmzxkvNhxnIC&printsec=frontcover McConnell, C. R. , Brue, S. L. , & Flynn, S. M. (2012). Wage Determination. Economics (19th ed. ), (pp92-114). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. Quinlan, S. & Gomez-Ibanez, J. (2004). The Coffee Crisis. Capella University. McGraw-Hill.

In the Time of the Butterflies Essays

In the Time of the Butterflies Essays In the Time of the Butterflies Essay In the Time of the Butterflies Essay In the Time of the Butterflies, Patria, as a child, accepts Trujillo, but sees God as the only god present. Yet as the novel progresses, similarities between the two are shown, especially with the use of their power. Even though this confuses Patria, a new faith in motherhood forms controlling both of Patriots faiths. Julia Olivarez shows that despite how Patria treats God and Trujillo in the different manner to protect her hillier, Patria views them as having the same power. Throughout the novel, Patria watches how her children are killed and saved by Trujillo and God, revealing their similarities. When Patriots son is released from Jail, she realizes the similarities. She says But I know a godly voice when I hear one. I heard Him alright, and he was calling my name (226). By hearing God through Trujillo, it shows that it was God as much as Trujillo for helping Patria. Both of their power is not only able to choose life or death for a person, but what happens within fife, shown with this example. This is also seen, when Patria is on a pilgrimage with the rest of her family, she hears Virgin Mary, which shows signs of both God and Trujillo. Virgin Mary says Here, Patria Mercedes, Im here, all around you. Eve already more than appeared (59). This reflexes Trujillo and God, as they use their power to be everywhere. Trujillo uses the SIMI to spy on everything, making sure that nobody Is rebelling against him. God Is assumed to be everywhere and Is able to watch everyone. Since they are everywhere, Patria Is angry at both at them for not stopping all the deaths that have occurred. Patria deals with her anger with Trujillo by trying to make deals with him Instead of trying to fight for what she wants. When her son was In Jail, she prayed to Trujillo, showing she felt powerless. She said, l dont know how It started, but pretty soon, I was praying to him, not because he was worthy or anything Like that. I wanted something from him, and prayer was the only way I knew to ask (202). This shows Patriots weakness towards Trujillo. She Is unable to challenge Trujillo as she thinks that her son will be killed because of It. Patria makes a deal with Trujillo Instead because she Is not afraid to die for her children. God, on the other hand, Is treated by Patria the opposite of Trujillo. Patria Is able to challenge God, but Is unable to make a deal with God. I looked up challenging Him. And the two faces merged (53). Im not going to sit back and watch my babies die, Lord, even If thats what you In your great wisdom decide (162). In the Time of the Butterflies By midfielders 9 be everywhere. Trujillo uses the SIMI to spy on everything, making sure that nobody is rebelling against him. God is assumed to be everywhere and is able to watch everyone. Since they are everywhere, Patria is angry at both at them for not stopping Patria deals with her anger with Trujillo by trying to make deals with him instead of trying to fight for what she wants. When her son was in Jail, she prayed to Trujillo, showing she felt powerless. She said, l dont know how it started, but pretty soon, I was praying to him, not because he was worthy or anything like that. I wanted Patriots weakness towards Trujillo. She is unable to challenge Trujillo as she thinks that her son will be killed because of it. Patria makes a deal with Trujillo instead because she is not afraid to die for her children. God, on the other hand, is treated by Patria the opposite of Trujillo. Patria is able to challenge God, but is unable to make a deal with God. l looked up challenging Him. And the two faces merged (53). Im not going to sit back and watch my babies die, Lord, even if thats what you in

Interview paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Interview paper - Essay Example The budget that he has allocated is $750. Because of the numerous brands in the market, buying a laptop is a difficult decision for the professor. There are several factors which he considered in making the final decision. First factor that he considered is the weight of the computer. Since he and his kids will most probably bring the computer to school, he was very much concerned with the weight. Furthermore, he foresees that the laptop will be moved from one room in the house to another. The lighter the laptop, the more he was inclined to buy it. Another critical aspect for the professor is the power consumption. Since the users of the laptop are always on the go, he preferred a battery which could last at least for four hours. He realized that if the laptop has additional features, it would also consume more power. Processing power is another factor that the professor looked into. He preferred a Core 2 duo in case his kids would need multimedia programs. He expects that he will also need to do some class presentations that will require multimedia programs. The after sales service and warranty is another feature that the professor viewed as essential. Aside from a local warranty, he would like an international warranty to go with it. As a professor, there are times when he travels to other countries for seminars or trainings. An international warranty will guarantee that if something goes wrong with his computer while he is abroad, his computer can be repaired immediately. Moreover, the longer the warranty on parts and labor the better for him. He recognized the fact that there are some brands which offer extended warranty but with extra cost. Another aspect which the professor considered is the operating system of the laptop. He knew that if he chose the Windows Vista operating system, it will be more expensive because it requires the latest hardware. He was however open to using Linux, Windows XP

Research Methods for Professional Practice Essay

Research Methods for Professional Practice - Essay Example Throught this paper, there will be clear and evident focus on research based practice. The paper will analyse the data analysis element of research methods in relation to the two articles. I chose data analysis because it provides a vital base to the decision making process. Data analysis is the crucial element in a research process since mere data collection is not important to a researcher. Research is mainly aimed at helping people make informed decisions in different fields. The current blooming interest in evidence informed health and education promotion is part of an on-going strategy to base professional practice and policy on sound research evidence (Ritchie, 2002). Many evidence based research types can inform practice or policies. For example, narrative, conceptual, and statistical data methods can inform practice. Often, studies take the form of evaluations which determine the effectiveness of policies or studies which collect the views of people about an intervention, acceptability of a policy or their needs and requirements. Moreover, conducted and designed research provides vital and significant information covering a wide array of issues which are vital to people in practice. In today’s era, knowledge about the research process is mandatory in the healthcare industry. Consequently, midwives and nurses need to comprehend the research findings. Moreover, they should grasp the implications of research methods in transforming the health care industry. Non statistical methods were employed in analysing the collected data. Descriptive statistics were categorized and analysed based on various categories. Comparison techniques were used in the descriptive analysis process. The information got from the nurses and midwives was related to the study hypothesis and research question. According to Buetow (2010) one of the most reliable and accurate way of determining